- Which of the following criteria was not used by R.H. Whittaker for his Five Kingdom Classification?
- Cell structure.
- Body organisation.
- Mode of reproduction.
- Response to external stimuli.
Answer: d.
- Aristotle classified animals into two groups based on the presence or absence of:
- Cell wall.
- Red blood.
- Notochord.
- Vertebral column.
Answer: b.
- In Linnaeus's Two Kingdom Classification, which of the following organisms were placed together under Plantae?
- Bacteria, algae, fungi, and animals.
- Bacteria, blue-green algae, fungi, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.
- Protozoans, sponges, and vertebrates.
- Only photosynthetic plants.
Answer: b.
- The Three-Domain System divides the Kingdom Monera into how many domains?
- One.
- Two.
- Three.
- Four.
Answer: b.
- Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the classification systems?
- Earlier classification systems included bacteria and fungi under plants because they had a cell wall.
- Chlamydomonas and Spirogyra were placed together under algae.
- The two-kingdom classification successfully differentiated between heterotrophic fungi and autotrophic green plants.
- Paramoecium and Amoeba were placed in the animal kingdom earlier because they lacked a cell wall.
Answer: c.
- All prokaryotic organisms were grouped together under Kingdom:
- Protista.
- Monera.
- Fungi.
- Plantae.
Answer: b.
- Unicellular eukaryotic organisms are primarily placed in Kingdom:
- Monera.
- Protista.
- Fungi.
- Animalia.
Answer: b.
- Which kingdom brought together Chlamydomonas and Paramoecium, which were earlier placed in different kingdoms?
- Monera.
- Protista.
- Fungi.
- Plantae.
Answer: b.
- The sole members of the Kingdom Monera are:
- Mycoplasma.
- Archaebacteria.
- Bacteria.
- Cyanobacteria.
Answer: c.
- Bacteria are grouped under four categories based on their shape. Which of the following is incorrectly matched?
- Spherical - Coccus.
- Rod-shaped - Bacillus.
- Comma-shaped - Spirillum.
- Spiral - Spirillum.
Answer: c.
- Which of the following statements about bacteria is correct?
- They have a very complex structure and simple behaviour.
- They show the least extensive metabolic diversity.
- The vast majority of bacteria are autotrophs.
- They have a very simple structure but complex behaviour.
Answer: d.
- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria oxidize inorganic substances and use the released energy for:
- DNA replication.
- ATP production.
- Flagellar movement.
- Protein synthesis.
Answer: b.
- Archaebacteria differ from other bacteria in having a:
- Different cell wall structure.
- Different mode of nutrition.
- Distinct flagella type.
- Nucleus.
Answer: a.
- Methanogens are found in the:
- Hot springs.
- Salty areas.
- Gut of several ruminant animals.
- Deep sea hydrothermal vents.
Answer: c.
- Cyanobacteria have chlorophyll 'a' similar to:
- Green plants.
- Brown algae.
- Red algae.
- Diatoms.
Answer: a.
- The specialized cells in cyanobacteria that help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen are called:
- Akinetes.
- Heterocysts.
- Hormogonia.
- Endospores.
Answer: b.
- Nostoc and Anabaena are examples of:
- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria.
- Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria.
- Heterotrophic bacteria.
- Archaebacteria.
Answer: b.
- Which group of bacteria plays a great role in recycling nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous, iron, and sulphur?
- Photosynthetic autotrophic bacteria.
- Chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria.
- Parasitic bacteria.
- Symbiotic bacteria.
Answer: b.
- The majority of heterotrophic bacteria are:
- Important decomposers.
- Symbionts.
- Pathogens.
- Photoheterotrophs.
Answer: a.
- Citrus canker is a disease caused by:
- Virus.
- Fungi.
- Bacteria.
- Viroid.
Answer: c.
- Under unfavourable conditions, bacteria primarily reproduce by producing:
- Gametes.
- Spores.
- Buds.
- Fragments.
Answer: b.
- Which of the following organisms completely lack a cell wall and are the smallest living cells known?
- Archaebacteria.
- Cyanobacteria.
- Mycoplasma.
- Diatoms.
Answer: c.
- Can Mycoplasma survive without oxygen?
- Yes, they can survive without oxygen.
- No, they are obligate aerobes.
- They require oxygen for reproduction only.
- They require a high concentration of oxygen.
Answer: a.
- Kingdom Protista includes primarily:
- Multicellular eukaryotes.
- Unicellular prokaryotes.
- Unicellular eukaryotes.
- Acellular organisms.
Answer: c.
- The boundaries of which kingdom are not well-defined?
- Monera.
- Protista.
- Fungi.
- Animalia.
Answer: b.
- Members of Protista are primarily:
- Terrestrial.
- Aquatic.
- Aerial.
- Parasitic.
Answer: b.
- Chrysophytes include:
- Diatoms and golden algae (desmids).
- Dinoflagellates and euglenoids.
- Slime moulds and protozoans.
- Diatoms and slime moulds.
Answer: a.
- The cell walls of diatoms are embedded with:
- Calcium carbonate.
- Silica.
- Chitin.
- Peptidoglycan.
Answer: b.
- 'Diatomaceous earth' is formed due to the accumulation of cell wall deposits of:
- Desmids.
- Dinoflagellates.
- Diatoms.
- Euglenoids.
Answer: c.
- Diatoms are the chief 'producers' in the:
- Freshwater bodies.
- Terrestrial ecosystems.
- Oceans.
- Estuaries.
Answer: c.
- Dinoflagellates mostly appear yellow, green, brown, blue, or red depending on the:
- Type of flagella.
- Main pigments present in their cells.
- Nature of the host they infect.
- Temperature of the water.
Answer: b.
- The cell wall of dinoflagellates has stiff cellulosic plates on the:
- Inner surface.
- Outer surface.
- Lateral sides.
- Entire surface uniformly.
Answer: b.
- Red tides are caused by the rapid multiplication of:
- Nostoc.
- Gonyaulax.
- Euglena.
- Paramoecium.
Answer: b.
- Toxins released by which organism can kill other marine animals such as fishes during red tides?
- Diatoms.
- Dinoflagellates.
- Slime moulds.
- Ciliated protozoans.
Answer: b.
- Instead of a cell wall, Euglenoids have a protein-rich layer called:
- Frustule.
- Pellicle.
- Theca.
- Capsule.
Answer: b.
- The pellicle in euglenoids makes their body:
- Rigid.
- Flexible.
- Impermeable.
- Transparent.
Answer: b.
- Euglenoids are photosynthetic in the presence of sunlight, but when deprived of sunlight, they behave like:
- Saprophytes.
- Heterotrophs.
- Chemosynthetic autotrophs.
- Symbionts.
Answer: b.
- The pigments of euglenoids are identical to those present in:
- Cyanobacteria.
- Higher plants.
- Brown algae.
- Red algae.
Answer: b.
- Slime moulds are:
- Photosynthetic protists.
- Saprophytic protists.
- Parasitic protists.
- Symbiotic protists.
Answer: b.
- Under suitable conditions, slime moulds form an aggregation called:
- Plasmodium.
- Mycelium.
- Fruiting body.
- Pseudopodia.
Answer: a.
- During unfavourable conditions, the plasmodium of slime moulds differentiates and forms fruiting bodies bearing spores at their:
- Base.
- Tips.
- Lateral sides.
- Center.
Answer: b.
- The spores of slime moulds possess:
- True walls.
- No walls.
- Siliceous walls.
- Cellulosic plates.
Answer: a.
- The spores of slime moulds are extremely resistant and are dispersed by:
- Water currents.
- Air currents.
- Insects.
- Animals.
Answer: b.
- All protozoans are:
- Autotrophs.
- Heterotrophs.
- Saprophytes.
- Mixotrophs.
Answer: b.
- Which protozoans move and capture their prey by putting out pseudopodia?
- Amoeboid protozoans.
- Flagellated protozoans.
- Ciliated protozoans.
- Sporozoans.
Answer: a.
- Marine forms of amoeboid protozoans have shells on their surface made of:
- Calcium carbonate.
- Silica.
- Chitin.
- Cellulose.
Answer: b.
- Entamoeba is an example of a/an:
- Free-living amoeboid protozoan.
- Parasitic amoeboid protozoan.
- Ciliated protozoan.
- Sporozoan.
Answer: b.
- Trypanosoma is the causative agent of:
- Malaria.
- Sleeping sickness.
- Amoebic dysentery.
- Kala-azar.
Answer: b.
- Which group of protozoans is characterised by the presence of thousands of cilia and a gullet?
- Amoeboid protozoans.
- Flagellated protozoans.
- Ciliated protozoans.
- Sporozoans.
Answer: c.
- The infectious spore-like stage in the life cycle is the key characteristic of:
- Amoeboid protozoans.
- Flagellated protozoans.
- Ciliated protozoans.
- Sporozoans.
Answer: d.
- Plasmodium, the malarial parasite, belongs to the group:
- Amoeboid protozoans.
- Flagellated protozoans.
- Ciliated protozoans.
- Sporozoans.
Answer: d.
- Fungi exhibit a great diversity in:
- Morphology and habitat.
- Cell wall composition.
- Modes of sexual reproduction.
- Morphology and habitat.
Answer: d.
- White spots seen on mustard leaves are due to a:
- Parasitic fungus.
- Saprophytic fungus.
- Virus.
- Bacterium.
Answer: a.
- Which of the following is a unicellular fungus?
- Penicillium.
- Mucor.
- Yeast.
- Rhizopus.
Answer: c.
- Fungi that cause diseases in plants and animals include Puccinia, which causes:
- Potato blight.
- Wheat rust.
- Smut of corn.
- Ergot of rye.
Answer: b.
- Fungi prefer to grow in:
- Cold and dry places.
- Warm and humid places.
- Hot and dry places.
- Cold and humid places.
Answer: b.
- Except yeast, fungi are filamentous, and their bodies consist of long, slender thread-like structures called:
- Hyphae.
- Mycelium.
- Conidia.
- Sporangia.
Answer: a.
- Coenocytic hyphae are continuous tubes filled with:
- Multinucleated cytoplasm.
- Uninucleated cytoplasm.
- Water and minerals.
- Sap.
Answer: a.
- The cell walls of fungi are composed of:
- Cellulose and pectin.
- Chitin and polysaccharides.
- Peptidoglycan.
- Hemicellulose.
Answer: b.
- Fungi living in symbiotic association with algae are called:
- Mycorrhiza.
- Lichens.
- Endophytes.
- Epiphytes.
Answer: b.
- Vegetative reproduction in fungi can take place by:
- Fragmentation, fission, and budding.
- Conidia, sporangiospores, and zoospores.
- Oospores, ascospores, and basidiospores.
- Gametangial contact.
Answer: a.
- In fungi, sexual reproduction involves three steps. Which of the following is the first step?
- Karyogamy.
- Plasmogamy.
- Meiosis.
- Mitosis.
Answer: b.
- The intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n) in the sexual cycle of some fungi is found in:
- Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes.
- Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
- Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
- Phycomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
Answer: b.
- Phycomycetes are found in:
- Aquatic habitats and on decaying wood.
- Dry environments.
- Extreme salty areas.
- Hot springs.
Answer: a.
- The mycelium in Phycomycetes is:
- Septate and uninucleate.
- Aseptate and coenocytic.
- Septate and branched.
- Aseptate and uninucleate.
Answer: b.
- In Phycomycetes, asexual reproduction takes place by zoospores which are:
- Non-motile.
- Motile.
- Multinucleate.
- Thick-walled.
Answer: b.
- A zygospore is formed by the fusion of:
- Two gametes.
- Two spores.
- Two hyphae.
- Two conidia.
Answer: a.
- Albugo is a parasitic fungus that causes disease in:
- Wheat.
- Mustard.
- Potato.
- Rice.
Answer: b.
- Members of Ascomycetes are commonly known as:
- Club fungi.
- Sac fungi.
- Imperfect fungi.
- Algal fungi.
Answer: b.
- Ascomycetes are mostly:
- Unicellular.
- Multicellular.
- Plasmodial.
- Aseptate.
Answer: b.
- Coprophilous fungi grow on:
- Dead wood.
- Animal tissues.
- Dung.
- Rocks.
Answer: c.
- The asexual spores produced exogenously on the special mycelium called conidiophores are:
- Zoospores.
- Sporangiospores.
- Conidia.
- Ascospores.
Answer: c.
- In Ascomycetes, the sexual spores called ascospores are produced:
- Exogenously in asci.
- Endogenously in asci.
- Exogenously on basidia.
- Endogenously in sporangia.
Answer: b.
- Which fungus is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work?
- Aspergillus.
- Claviceps.
- Neurospora.
- Penicillium.
Answer: c.
- Morels and truffles are members of:
- Phycomycetes.
- Ascomycetes.
- Basidiomycetes.
- Deuteromycetes.
Answer: b.
- Common examples of Basidiomycetes include:
- Mushrooms, bracket fungi, and puffballs.
- Yeast and Penicillium.
- Mucor and Rhizopus.
- Alternaria and Trichoderma.
Answer: a.
- The mycelium of Basidiomycetes is:
- Branched and septate.
- Unbranched and aseptate.
- Coenocytic.
- Plasmodial.
Answer: a.
- In Basidiomycetes, asexual spores are generally:
- Produced endogenously.
- Produced exogenously.
- Not found.
- Formed in sporangia.
Answer: c.
- Plasmogamy in Basidiomycetes is brought about by the fusion of two:
- Male and female gametes.
- Vegetative or somatic cells of different strains.
- Ascospores.
- Basidiospores.
Answer: b.
- Karyogamy and meiosis take place in the basidium to produce:
- Two basidiospores.
- Four basidiospores.
- Eight basidiospores.
- Many basidiospores.
Answer: b.
- The basidiospores are produced:
- Endogenously.
- Exogenously.
- Inside the basidiocarp.
- Without meiosis.
Answer: b.
- Rusts and smuts belong to which class of fungi?
- Phycomycetes.
- Ascomycetes.
- Basidiomycetes.
- Deuteromycetes.
Answer: c.
- Ustilago is responsible for causing:
- Rust disease.
- Smut disease.
- Mildew.
- Blight.
Answer: b.
- Deuteromycetes are commonly known as imperfect fungi because:
- Their mycelium is aseptate.
- Only their asexual or vegetative phases are known.
- They do not produce any spores.
- They cause plant diseases.
Answer: b.
- When the sexual forms of Deuteromycetes were discovered, they were often moved to:
- Phycomycetes and Ascomycetes.
- Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
- Phycomycetes and Basidiomycetes.
- Only Ascomycetes.
Answer: b.
- Deuteromycetes reproduce only by asexual spores known as:
- Conidia.
- Zoospores.
- Sporangiospores.
- Oospores.
Answer: a.
- Which among the following is not a member of Deuteromycetes?
- Alternaria.
- Colletotrichum.
- Trichoderma.
- Agaricus.
Answer: d.
- Kingdom Plantae includes all:
- Eukaryotic, chlorophyll-containing organisms.
- Prokaryotic autotrophs.
- Heterotrophic plants.
- Unicellular algae only.
Answer: a.
- Bladderwort and Venus fly trap are examples of:
- Parasitic plants.
- Insectivorous plants.
- Saprophytic plants.
- Symbiotic plants.
Answer: b.
- Cuscuta is an example of a:
- Photosynthetic plant.
- Insectivorous plant.
- Parasitic plant.
- Symbiotic plant.
Answer: c.
- The life cycle of plants has two distinct phases - the diploid sporophytic and the haploid gametophytic - that alternate with each other. This phenomenon is called:
- Metagenesis.
- Alternation of generation.
- Metamorphosis.
- Morphogenesis.
Answer: b.
- In Whittaker's five kingdom classification, which of the following organisms are not mentioned?
- Fungi.
- Protista.
- Viruses, viroids, and prions.
- Cyanobacteria.
Answer: c.
- The name virus that means venom or poisonous fluid was given by:
- Dmitri Ivanowsky.
- M.W. Beijerinck.
- W.M. Stanley.
- Pasteur.
Answer: d.
- Dmitri Ivanowsky (1892) recognized certain microbes as the causal organism of the mosaic disease of:
- Tobacco.
- Potato.
- Tomato.
- Mustard.
Answer: a.
- M.W. Beijerinck (1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid:
- Contagium vivum fluidum.
- Pathogenic fluid.
- Viral extract.
- Poisonous sap.
Answer: a.
- W.M. Stanley (1935) showed that viruses could be crystallized and the crystals consist largely of:
- DNA.
- RNA.
- Proteins.
- Lipids.
Answer: c.
- In addition to proteins, viruses also contain genetic material, which can be:
- Only RNA.
- Only DNA.
- Either RNA or DNA.
- Both RNA and DNA simultaneously.
Answer: c.
- The protein coat of viruses, called capsid, is made of small subunits called:
- Capsomeres.
- Nucleotides.
- Peplomers.
- Prions.
Answer: a.
- Viroids were discovered by T.O. Diener in 1971 and they cause:
- Tobacco mosaic disease.
- Potato spindle tuber disease.
- Mad cow disease.
- Citrus canker.
Answer: b.
- Prions are abnormally folded proteins responsible for causing diseases like Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which is analogous to which disease in humans?
- Alzheimer's disease.
- Cr-Jacob disease (CJD).
- Parkinson's disease.
- Huntington's disease.
Answer: b.
